J Food Bioact

Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online

Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Original Research

Volume 23, September 2023, pages 68-73

Quantitative analysis of phenylpropanoids in Rhodiola rosea from different producing areas

Figure 2. Comparison of rosavin, rosarin and rosin, and total rosavins in R. rosea collected from two countries and five regions. (Hebei and Xinjiang are two provinces of China).

**Table 1.** Samples of *Rhodiola rosea* from different regions
Sample #	Origin	Approximate coordinates	Altitude (m)	Description
S1	Huocheng county, Xinjiang, China	44.0531° N, 80.8717° E	639	Dryness by heating
S2	Huocheng county, Xinjiang, China	44.0531° N, 80.8717° E	639	Dryness by sun
S3	Huocheng county, Xinjiang, China	44.0531° N, 80.8717° E	639	Dryness by roasting
S4	Huocheng county, Xinjiang, China	44.0531° N, 80.8717° E	639	Purchased in September, 2019
S5	Kazakhstan	48.0196° N, 66.9237° E	639	Imported in September, 2019
S6	Kazakhstan	48.0196° N, 66.9237° E	639	Imported in June, 2019
S7	Kazakhstan	48.0196° N, 66.9237° E	639	Imported in October, 2019
S8	Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province	41.1586° N, 114.7201° E	771	Sun dry
S9	Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province	41.1586° N, 114.7201° E	771	Sun dry
S10	Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province	41.1586° N, 114.7201° E	771	Sun dry
S11	Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province	41.1586° N, 114.7201° E	771	Sun dry
S12	Gongliu, Xinjiang Province	43.4802° N, 82.2290° E	788	Sun dry, Collected in May, 2019
S13	Gongliu, Xinjiang Province	43.4802° N, 82.2290° E	788	Sun dry
S14	Gongliu, Xinjiang Province	43.4802° N, 82.2290° E	788	Sun dry
S15	Gongliu, Xinjiang Province	43.4802° N, 82.2290° E	788	Sun dry
S16	Bazhou, Xinjiang Province	31.8514° N, 106.7689° E	392	Sun dry
S17	Bazhou, Xinjiang Province	31.8514° N, 106.7689° E	392	Sun dry
S18	Bazhou, Xinjiang Province	31.8514° N, 106.7689° E	392	Sun dry

Table 1. Samples of Rhodiola rosea from different regions

Sample #

Origin

Approximate coordinates

Altitude (m)

Description

Huocheng county, Xinjiang, China

44.0531° N, 80.8717° E

639

Dryness by heating

Huocheng county, Xinjiang, China

44.0531° N, 80.8717° E

639

Dryness by sun

Huocheng county, Xinjiang, China

44.0531° N, 80.8717° E

639

Dryness by roasting

Huocheng county, Xinjiang, China

44.0531° N, 80.8717° E

639

Purchased in September, 2019

Kazakhstan

48.0196° N, 66.9237° E

639

Imported in September, 2019

Kazakhstan

48.0196° N, 66.9237° E

639

Imported in June, 2019

Kazakhstan

48.0196° N, 66.9237° E

639

Imported in October, 2019

Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province

41.1586° N, 114.7201° E

771

Sun dry

Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province

41.1586° N, 114.7201° E

771

Sun dry

S10

Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province

41.1586° N, 114.7201° E

771

Sun dry

S11

Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province

41.1586° N, 114.7201° E

771

Sun dry

S12

Gongliu, Xinjiang Province

43.4802° N, 82.2290° E

788

Sun dry, Collected in May, 2019

S13

Gongliu, Xinjiang Province

43.4802° N, 82.2290° E

788

Sun dry

S14

Gongliu, Xinjiang Province

43.4802° N, 82.2290° E

788

Sun dry

S15

Gongliu, Xinjiang Province

43.4802° N, 82.2290° E

788

Sun dry

S16

Bazhou, Xinjiang Province

31.8514° N, 106.7689° E

392

Sun dry

S17

Bazhou, Xinjiang Province

31.8514° N, 106.7689° E

392

Sun dry

S18

Bazhou, Xinjiang Province

31.8514° N, 106.7689° E

392

Sun dry

**Table 2.** Content (%) of three phenylpropanoids in Rhodiola samples from different regions
Source	Sample NO.	Total rosavin	Rosarin	Rosavin	Rosin
Huocheng, Xinjiang Province	S1	1.254	0.221	0.962	0.071
S2	1.241	0.262	0.876	0.104
S3	0.898	0.18	0.688	0.03
S4	0.983	0.205	0.663	0.065
		1.094 ± 0.181	0.217 ± 0.034	0.797 ± 0.145	0.068 ± 0.030
Kazakhstan	S5	1.934	0.409	1.38	0.148
S6	1.217	0.29	0.712	0.219
S7	1.413	0.293	0.962	0.159
		1.521 ± 0.371	0.331 ± 0.068	1.018 ± 0.338	0.175 ± 0.038
Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province	S8	0.853	0.306	0.478	0.07
S9	1.164	0.429	0.597	0.139
S10	1.075	0.382	0.527	0.167
S11	1.2	0.351	0.739	0.111
		1.073 ± 0.156	0.367 ± 0.052	0.585 ± 0.114	0.122 ± 0.041
Gongliu, Xinjiang Province	S12	0.412	0.078	0.303	0.032
S13	0.254	0.041	0.177	0.037
S14	0.749	0.152	0.507	0.091
S15	0.381	0.081	0.232	0.069
		0.449 ± 0.211	0.088 ± 0.046	0.305 ± 0.144	0.057 ± 0.028
Bazhou, Xinjiang Province	S16	0.435	0.079	0.316	0.04
S17	0.302	0.043	0.218	0.042
S18	0.502	0.086	0.366	0.051
	0.413 ± 0.102	0.069 ± 0.023	0.300 ± 0.075	0.044 ± 0.006

Table 2. Content (%) of three phenylpropanoids in Rhodiola samples from different regions

Source

Sample NO.

Total rosavin

Rosarin

Rosavin

Rosin

Huocheng, Xinjiang Province

1.254

0.221

0.962

0.071

1.241

0.262

0.876

0.104

0.898

0.18

0.688

0.03

0.983

0.205

0.663

0.065

1.094 ± 0.181

0.217 ± 0.034

0.797 ± 0.145

0.068 ± 0.030

Kazakhstan

1.934

0.409

1.38

0.148

1.217

0.29

0.712

0.219

1.413

0.293

0.962

0.159

1.521 ± 0.371

0.331 ± 0.068

1.018 ± 0.338

0.175 ± 0.038

Zhangjiakou, Hebei Province

0.853

0.306

0.478

0.07

1.164

0.429

0.597

0.139

S10

1.075

0.382

0.527

0.167

S11

1.2

0.351

0.739

0.111

1.073 ± 0.156

0.367 ± 0.052

0.585 ± 0.114

0.122 ± 0.041

Gongliu, Xinjiang Province

S12

0.412

0.078

0.303

0.032

S13

0.254

0.041

0.177

0.037

S14

0.749

0.152

0.507

0.091

S15

0.381

0.081

0.232

0.069

0.449 ± 0.211

0.088 ± 0.046

0.305 ± 0.144

0.057 ± 0.028

Bazhou, Xinjiang Province

S16

0.435

0.079

0.316

0.04

S17

0.302

0.043

0.218

0.042

S18

0.502

0.086

0.366

0.051

0.413 ± 0.102

0.069 ± 0.023

0.300 ± 0.075

0.044 ± 0.006

**Table 3.** Analysis of variation (ANOVA) for rosavin, rosin and rosin in *R. rosea* from different origins
Phenylpropanoids	Source of variation	Sum of Squares	Degree of freedom	Mean square	F	Significance
Total rosavin	Intragroup variation	2.953	4	0.738	15.993	0
Intergroup variation	0.6	13	0.046
Total variation	3.553	17
Rosarin	Intragroup variation	0.261	4	0.065	29.813	0
Intergroup variation	0.028	13	0.002
Total variation	0.289	17
Rosavin	Intragroup variation	1.299	4	0.325	10.458	0.001
Intergroup variation	0.404	13	0.031
Total variation	1.702	17
Rosin	Intragroup variation	0.038	4	0.011	9.451	0.001
Intergroup variation	0.013	13	0.001
Total variation	0.052	17

Table 3. Analysis of variation (ANOVA) for rosavin, rosin and rosin in R. rosea from different origins

Phenylpropanoids

Source of variation

Sum of Squares

Degree of freedom

Mean square

Significance

Total rosavin

Intragroup variation

2.953

0.738

15.993

Intergroup variation

0.6

0.046

Total variation

3.553

Rosarin

Intragroup variation

0.261

0.065

29.813

Intergroup variation

0.028

0.002

Total variation

0.289

Rosavin

Intragroup variation

1.299

0.325

10.458

0.001

Intergroup variation

0.404

0.031

Total variation

1.702

Rosin

Intragroup variation

0.038

0.011

9.451

0.001

Intergroup variation

0.013

0.001

Total variation

0.052