J Food Bioact

Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online

Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Original Research

Volume 22, June 2023, pages 27-35

Study on antioxidant activity of Jujube seed oil

Figures

Figure 1. Location of enzymes associated with oxidative stress in the cell.

Figure 2. Technical route of this study.

Figure 3. Structures of d-limonene, methyl N-methylanthranilate,α-farnesene, and γ-terpinene.

Figure 4. Reducing power of jujube seed oil. The concentration of SJO used was 0.2 mg/mL,0.4 mg/mL,0.6 mg/mL,1 mg/mL,1.5 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL, repectively. The positive control group received 0.2 mg/mL, 0.4 mg/mL, 0.6 mg/mL, 0.8 mg/mL,1 mg/mL, and 2 mg/mL of VC, respectfully. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent trials.

Figure 5. DPPH radical scavenging activity of SJO. The concentration of SJO used was 1 mg/mL,4 mg/mL,5 mg/mL, 10 mg/mL, 15 mg/mL, and 20 mg/mL, respectively. The positive control group received 1 mg/mL VC and 1 mg/mL BHT. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent trials.

Figure 6. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity of SJO. The concentration of SJO used was 1 mg/mL, 2 mg/mL, 4 mg/mL, and 6 mg/mL. The positive control group received 1 mg/mL VC and 1 mg/mL BHT. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent trials.

Figure 7. The survival rate of S. cerevisiae cells is directly exposed to increasing SJO concentrations. The concentration of SJO used was 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent trials.

Figure 8. Effect of 2 mM H₂O_2, 10 mM CCL₄ on lipid peroxidation level of S. cerevisiae cells (WT, ctt1Δ, sod1Δ, gtt1Δ, gtt2Δ, and gsh1Δ) and the membrane protective effect of SJO. The concentration of SJO used was 5 μg/mL. Lipid peroxidation levels of non-stressed cells without SJO treatment were used as a control. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent trials. In each oxidative stress group, the statistically different results were denoted by different letters, p < 0.05.

Figure 9. Effect of 2 mM H₂O₂, 10 mM CCl₄ on survival of S. cerevisiae cells (WT, ctt1Δ, sod1Δ, gtt1Δ, gtt2Δ, and gsh1Δ) and the antioxidant effect of SJO. The concentration of SJO used was 25 μg/mL and 50 μg/mL. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent trials. In each oxidative stress group, the statistically different results were denoted by different letters, p < 0.05.

Figure 10. Effect of 2 mM H₂O_2, 10 mM CCL₄ on ROS level of S. cerevisiae (WT, ctt1Δ, sod1Δ, gtt1Δ, gtt2Δ, and gsh1Δ) and the ROS effect of SJO. The concentration of SJO used was 5 μg/mL. ROS levels of non-stressed cells without SJO treatment were used as a control. Data represent the mean ± SD of three independent trials. In each oxidative stress group, the statistically different results were denoted by different letters, p < 0.05.

Table

**Table 1.** Chemical composition of the jujube seed oil
No.	Components	RT	Relative content	Molecular Formula
1	a-Pinene	6.53	0.28	C₁₀H₁₆
2	y-Limonene	6.58	0.33	C₁₀H₁₆
3	Didehydro pinane	7.31	0.37	C₁₀H₁₆
4	D-Limonene	8.5	17.87	C₁₀H₁₆
5	y -Terpinene	9.37	4.23	C₁₀H₁₆
6	Terpinolene	9.47	3.04	C₁₀H₁₆
7	1,3,8-p-Menthatriene	9.65	0.13	C₁₀H₁₄
8	trans-Alloocimene	9.75	1.07	C₁₀H₁₆
9	cis-p-Mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol	9.92	0.8	C₁₀H₁₆O
10	d-Citronellal	10.04	1.65	C₁₀H₁₈O
11	Cyclohexene, 3-(3-methyl-1-butenyl)-, (E)-	10.28	0.17	C₁₀H₁₈
12	Sabinene hydrate	10.33	0.16	C₁₀H₁₈O
13	Terpinen-4-ol	10.51	2.93	C₁₀H₁₈O
14	a-terpineol	10.73	4.68	C₁₀H₁₈O
15	Isopiperitenol	10.84	0.11	C₁₀H₁₆O
16	Citronellol	11.08	2.18	C₁₀H₂₀O
17	methyl thymol ether	11.17	0.65	C₁₁H₁₆O
18	Carvone	11.39	0.6	C₁₀H₁₄O
19	piperitone	11.53	0.18	C₁₀H₁₆O
20	perillyl aldehyde	11.84	1.88	C₁₀H₁₄O
21	Thymol	11.96	3.79	C₁₀H₁₄O
22	Carvacrol	12.24	2.16	C₁₀H₁₄O
23	y -Elemene	12.64	0.15	C₁₅H₂₄
24	cis-carane	12.77	0.55	C₁₀H₁₈
25	Geranyl acetate	12.93	0.38	C₁₂H₂₀O₂
26	a-Copaene	13.25	1.73	C₁₅H₂₄
27	β-Copaene	13.46	1.24	C₁₅H₂₄
28	Methyl N-methylanthranilate	13.91	15.3	C₈H₉NO₂
29	β-Caryophyllene	14.05	3.05	C₁₅H₂₄
30	a-Caryophyllene	14.53	0.78	C₁₅H₂₄
31	Germacrene D	14.87	0.49	C₁₅H₂₄
32	a-Farnesene	15.11	9.5	C₁₅H₂₄
33	Cadina-1(10),4-diene	15.46	2.16	C₁₅H₂₄
34	a-Elemol	15.94	0.44	C₁₅H₂₆O
35	Dodecanoic acid	16.16	0.5	C₁₂H₂₄O₂
36	a-Patchoulene	16.45	0.37	C₁₅H₂₄
37	Caryophyllene oxide	16.51	0.38	C₁₅H₂₄O
38	Tetradecanal	16.64	0.2	C₁₄H₂₈O
39	aromadendrene oxide	17.17	0.11	C₁₅H₂₄O
40	T-muurolol	17.26	0.2	C₁₅H₂₆O
41	β-eudesmol	17.44	0.45	C₁₅H₂₆O
42	β-santalol	17.63	0.31	C₁₅H₂₄O
43	a-sinensal	18.46	6.34	C₁₅H₂₂O
44	2-Amylnonen-2-al	19.72	0.18	C₁₄H₂₆O
45	Hexadecanoic acid	20.36	1.85	C₁₆H₃₂O₂
46	p-Camphorene	21.09	0.15	C₂₀H₃₂
47	Methyl Linoleate	22.09	0.23	C₁₉H₃₄O₂
48	Methyl Linolenate	22.16	0.14	C₁₉H₃₂O₂
49	Linoleic acid	22.55	0.69	C₁₈H₃₂O₂
50	Dodecenylsuccinic anhydride	22.72	0.15	C₁₆H₂₆O₃