J Food Bioact

Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online

Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Original Research

Volume 17, March 2022, pages 18-26

Effectiveness of micellization with polysorbate 80 on the in vitro bioaccessibility of various bioactives

Figure 2. The in vitro digestive stability (%), solubility (%) and bioaccessibility (%) of bioactives loaded in PS80 micelles. Micelles were digested at two consumption scenarios; either 950 mg micellar PS80 or 50 mg loaded bioactive consumed with 250 ml water. Data presented as mean, and error bars indicate one standard deviation (n = 6). Bars with different lowercase letters of the same bioactive and different capital letters between different bioactives, differ significantly (p < 0.05). *Supernatant taken after the in vitro digests was centrifuged (4,700 ×g, 60 min, 4 °C). **Supernatant taken after the in vitro digests was centrifuged and filtered (200 nm).

Figure 3. Loading capacity (%) of aqueous solutions of various PS80 micelles (10 mg/ml) before and after centrifuging (4,700 ×g) or filtering (200 nm). Data presented as mean, and error bars, indicate one standard deviation (n = 6). Bars with different lowercase letters of the same bioactive, differ significantly (p < 0.05). *Retinol included in the retinyl palmitate micelles **Sum of curcumin, demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin in curcumin micelles.

Figure 4. Size distribution (Percentage of total volume) of micellar solutions before and after in vitro digestion. *Supernatant taken after the in vitro digested micelles was centrifuged (4,700 ×g, 60 min, 4 °C). Measurements with a PDI > 0.7 were not included (n ≥ 5).

**Table 1.** Physicochemical properties of investigated bioactives
Bioactive	Molecular weight (Da)	Hydrophobicity (logP_oct/wat)	Water solubility (25 °C) (mg/L)	Melting temperature (°C)	Polar surface area (PSA) (Å²)	Rotatable bonds
All information was obtained from Pubchem (NCBI, 2021), except where indicated differently ^a(Villalba et al., 2010), ^b(Srinivas et al., 2010a), ^c (Shulman et al., 2011), ^d(Srinivas et al., 2010b).
CoQ10	863.3	19.4	Insoluble^a	50–52	53	31
Curcumin	368.4	3.2	3.12	179–183	93	8
Catechin	290.3	0.4	2,260^b	214	110	1
Naringenin	272.3	2.4	9.8^c	251	87	1
Quercetin	302.2	1.5	2.15^d	316–318	127	1
β-carotene	536.9	17.6	0.6	176–184	0	10
Retinyl palmitate	524.9	13.6	Insoluble	28.5	26	21

Table 1. Physicochemical properties of investigated bioactives

Bioactive

Molecular weight (Da)

Hydrophobicity (logP_oct/wat)

Water solubility (25 °C) (mg/L)

Melting temperature (°C)

Polar surface area (PSA) (Å²)

Rotatable bonds

All information was obtained from Pubchem (NCBI, 2021), except where indicated differently ^a(Villalba et al., 2010), ^b(Srinivas et al., 2010a), ^c (Shulman et al., 2011), ^d(Srinivas et al., 2010b).

CoQ10

863.3

19.4

Insoluble^a

50–52

Curcumin

368.4

3.2

3.12

179–183

Catechin

290.3

0.4

2,260^b

214

110

Naringenin

272.3

2.4

9.8^c

251

Quercetin

302.2

1.5

2.15^d

316–318

127

β-carotene

536.9

17.6

0.6

176–184

Retinyl palmitate

524.9

13.6

Insoluble

28.5

**Table 2.** The surface charge (mV) of PS80 micelles loaded with various bioactives before (micelles) and after *in vitro* digestion
	Empty micelles	Curcumin	Catechin	Naringenin	Quercetin	Retinyl palmitate
Data are presented as mean ± SD, n ≥ 8, values with different lowercase letters in the same row and different capital letters in the same column, differ significantly (p < 0.05). Supernatant taken after the in vitro* digests was centrifuged (4,700 ×g, 60 min, 4 °C). *Supernatant taken after the in vitro* digests was centrifuged and filtered (200 nm).
Micelles	−3.63 ± 1.53^A,a	−3.96 ± 1.29^A,a	−5.03 ± 2.18^A,ab	−7.03 ± 2.30^A,b	−6.72 ± 2.18^A,b	−5.93 ± 2.90^A,ab
Soluble fraction*	−44.65 ± 2.00^B,a	−59.08 ± 3.12^B,c	−50.81 ± 1.95^B,b	−49.54 ± 2.53^B,b	−45.44 ± 2.93^B,a	−62.80 ± 2.52^B,c
Bioaccessible fraction**	−44.75 ± 1.97^B,a	−67.68 ± 2.76^C,c	−53.11 ± 2.65^B,b	−47.33 ± 1.89^B,a	−46.38 ± 2.78^B,a	−68.68 ± 3.36^C,c

Table 2. The surface charge (mV) of PS80 micelles loaded with various bioactives before (micelles) and after in vitro digestion

Empty micelles

Curcumin

Catechin

Naringenin

Quercetin

Retinyl palmitate

Data are presented as mean ± SD, n ≥ 8, values with different lowercase letters in the same row and different capital letters in the same column, differ significantly (p < 0.05). *Supernatant taken after the in vitro digests was centrifuged (4,700 ×g, 60 min, 4 °C). **Supernatant taken after the in vitro digests was centrifuged and filtered (200 nm).

Micelles

−3.63 ± 1.53^A,a

−3.96 ± 1.29^A,a

−5.03 ± 2.18^A,ab

−7.03 ± 2.30^A,b

−6.72 ± 2.18^A,b

−5.93 ± 2.90^A,ab

Soluble fraction*

−44.65 ± 2.00^B,a

−59.08 ± 3.12^B,c

−50.81 ± 1.95^B,b

−49.54 ± 2.53^B,b

−45.44 ± 2.93^B,a

−62.80 ± 2.52^B,c

Bioaccessible fraction**

−44.75 ± 1.97^B,a

−67.68 ± 2.76^C,c

−53.11 ± 2.65^B,b

−47.33 ± 1.89^B,a

−46.38 ± 2.78^B,a

−68.68 ± 3.36^C,c