Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online
Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Review

Volume 15, September 2021, pages 51-62

Potential adverse health effects of dietary lipid oxidation products

Figures

Figure 1.
Figure 1. Examples of chemical structures of the lipid oxidation products (LOPs).
Figure 2.
Figure 2. The effects of COPs on different cell lines that involved in various diseases.
Figure 3.
Figure 3. Summary of the formation of aldehyde adducts and their possible effects on the progression of cancer.

Table

Table 1. A brief overview of animal studies on the role of dietary α, β-unsaturated aldehydes or COPs in related diseases and pathological changes
 
AldehydeExperimental modelDose/ ConcentrationTimeEffectsReferences
Cardiovascular diseases
Atherosclerosis
AcroleinApoE-/- mice2.5 mg/kg/day8 weeksIncreased lesion formation in the aortic valve and aortic arch, elevated concentrations of cholesterol and platelet factor 4 levels in the plasma, macrophage accumulation, and the abundance of small and medium VLDL particles.Srivastava et al., 2011
AcroleinC57BL/6 mice5 mg/kg/day24 h after exposureIncreased plasma cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and VLDL, and decreased hepatic lipase activity and hepatic lipase expression.Conklin et al., 2010
AcroleinApoE-null mice0.05–1 mg/kg/day8 weeksFew hepatic genes were dysregulated that involved with lipid synthesis and trafficking and APR.Conklin et al., 2011
AcroleinApoE-/- mice3 mg/kg/day1 monthIncreased serum and aortic cholesterol, triglycerides, and lipid peroxides; Increased intracellular oxidative stress and over-expression of key regulators of cellular lipid biosynthesis: SREBPs, HMGCR, and DGAT1.Rom et al., 2017
Oxidized cholesterolApoE mice/ LDLR-deficient miceDiet containing 5% oxidized cholesterol4 months/ 7 monthsIncreased aortic lesions by 38% and 32%, respectively.Staprans et al., 2000
Oxidized cholesterolRabbitsDiet containing 0.33% cholesterol of which 5% was oxidized12 weeksIncreased fatty streak lesions in the aortas by 100%.Staprans et al., 1999
OxysterolsGolden Syrian hamstersDiet containing a mixture of oxysterols3 monthsInduced vascular wall thickening, endothelial damage and smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration.Meynier et al., 2002
Diabetes mellitus
4-HNEGastrocnemius muscles isolated from CD-1 Swiss mice100 μM\Decreased insulin signaling and insulin-induced glucose uptake in muscle. Impairs insulin action by inducing oxidative stress and oxidative damage to proteins.Pillon et al., 2012
4-HHEWistar rats10 mg/kg\Induced insulin resistance, altered whole-body insulin sensitivity and decreased glucose infusion rate; abolished insulin induced phosphorylation of Akt in skeletal muscle.Soulage et al., 2018
Hypertension
tt-DDESD rats500 mg/kg28 daysInduced blood pressure elevation and endothelial dysfunction by oxidative/nitrative stress and apoptosis.Hu et al., 2020
Cardiotoxicity
AcroleinICR mice5 mg/kg\Exacerbated myocardial ischemic injury and blocked NO-induced cardioprotection via disrupting PKC signaling.Wang et al., 2008
AcroleinSprague Dawley rats5 mg/kg30 daysInduced cardiac injury, and dysfunction in mitochondrial bioenergetics of heart by decreasing levels of oxidative phosphorylation enzymes, tricarboxylic acid cycle enzymes and ATP.Aydın et al., 2018
Neurodegenerative diseases
4-HNESprague–Dawley rats3 mL/kg/day21 daysInduced disruption of survival signaling of frontal cortex cholinergic neurons.Zárate et al., 2009
AcroleinWistar rats2 mg/kg/day90 daysInduced histopathological changes of brain tissues and neurofilament accumulation.Selmanoğlu et al., 2018
AcroleinSprague-Dawley rats2.5 mg/kg/day12 weeksInduced cognitive impairment and pyknosis/atrophy of hippocampal neurons by inducing oxidative damage and changes of APP, β-secretase, α-secretase and receptor, and activating astrocytes, regulating BDNF/TrkB pathway.Huang et al., 2018
Gastrointestinal diseases
4-HNEWistar rats0.26 μM\Induced peptic ulcers and reduced the GSH content in the endoplasmic reticulum.Jayaraj et al., 1986
AcroleinWistar rats6 mg/kg70 daysInduced erosion, hyperplasia and hyperkeratosis in the glandular mucosa of the stomach or in the forestomach.Gomes et al., 2002
tt-DDEF344/N rats; B6C3F1 mice800 mg/kg3 monthsInduced forestomach ulceration and diarrhea.Chan, 2011
tt-DDESprague Dawley rats50 or 100 mg/kg\Inhibit gastric emptying rate in rats through inducing cholecystokinin secretion.Hira et al., 2015
AcroleinApoE-/- mice3 mg/kg/day1 monthInduced a major shift in the gut microbiota composition in including a significant phylum-level change with increased Firmicutes and decreased Bacteroidetes.Rom et al., 2017
Carcinogenicity
tt-DDECD-1 (ICR) mice8 or 24 mg/kg8 weeksIncreased the number and types of cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid; Induced pathological changes, and inflammatory gene modulations in the lung tissues.Wang et al., 2010
tt-DDEICR mice24 mg/kg8 weeksInduced lung lesions and changes of amino acid profiles in the urine and serum.Lin et al., 2014
MDASwiss mice0.1–10 μg/g/day12 monthsIncreased the total neoplasms and neoplastic lesions in the liver.Draper, McGirr, and Hadley, 1986
Mutagenicity
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Hepatotoxicity
4-HNESprague-Dawley rats0.5, 2.5, or 12.5 mg/kg28 daysInduced significant alterations in hepatotoxicity biomarkers, such as serum albumin, serum total bilirubin, and AST activity.Kang et al., 2011
AcroleinWistar albino rats4 mg/kg7 daysInduced liver tissues apoptosis, dilatations in the perinuclear space, and cytoplasmic vacuolization.Gökçe et al., 2020