J Food Bioact

Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online

Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Original Research

Volume 14, June 2021, pages 94-101

Amino acid profiles and in vitro antioxidant properties of cereal-legume flour blends

Figure 1. DPPH radical scavenging activity (DRSA) of cereal-legume flour blends. WT, Wheat flour; SO, Soybean meal; ML, Millet flour; PN, Peanut meal; AC, Acha flour; MZ, Maize flour; CP, Cowpea flour

Figure 2. Superoxide radical scavenging activity (SRSA) of cereal-legume flour blends. WT, Wheat flour; SO, Soybean meal; ML, Millet flour; PN, Peanut meal; AC, Acha flour; MZ, Maize flour; CP, Cowpea flour

Figure 3. Hydroxyl radical scavenging activity (HRSA) of cereal-legume flour blends. WT, Wheat flour; SO, Soybean meal; ML, Millet flour; PN, Peanut meal; AC, Acha flour; MZ, Maize flour; CP, Cowpea flour

Figure 4. Ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of cereal-legume flour blends. WT, Wheat flour; SO, Soybean meal; ML, Millet flour; PN, Peanut meal; AC, Acha flour; MZ, Maize flour; CP, Cowpea flour

Figure 5. Metal chelation activity of cereal-legume flour blends. WT, Wheat flour; SO, Soybean meal; ML, Millet flour; PN, Peanut meal; AC, Acha flour; MZ, Maize flour; CP, Cowpea flour

**Table 1.** : Protein content of cereal-legume flour blends*
Samples	Protein content (g/100g)
*WT, wheat flour; SO, soybean meal; ML, millet flour; PN, peanut meal; AC, acha flour; MZ, maize flour; CP, cowpea flour.
100%WT	13.0 ± 0.15
90WT + 10SO	13.5 ± 0.40
70WT + 30SO	17.1 ± 0.10
50WT + 50SO	20.3 ± 0.46
90ML + 10PN	14.0 ± 1.48
70ML + 30PN	16.5 ± 0.40
50ML + 50PN	19.5 ± 0.31
90AC + 10SO	15.1 ± 0.35
70AC + 30SO	19.8 ± 0.21
50AC + 50SO	25.0 ± 0.25
90MZ + 10CP	13.9 ± 0.10
70MZ + 30CP	16.9 ± 0.10
50MZ + 50CP	23.7 ± 0.30

Table 1. : Protein content of cereal-legume flour blends*

Samples

Protein content (g/100g)

*WT, wheat flour; SO, soybean meal; ML, millet flour; PN, peanut meal; AC, acha flour; MZ, maize flour; CP, cowpea flour.

100%WT

13.0 ± 0.15

90WT + 10SO

13.5 ± 0.40

70WT + 30SO

17.1 ± 0.10

50WT + 50SO

20.3 ± 0.46

90ML + 10PN

14.0 ± 1.48

70ML + 30PN

16.5 ± 0.40

50ML + 50PN

19.5 ± 0.31

90AC + 10SO

15.1 ± 0.35

70AC + 30SO

19.8 ± 0.21

50AC + 50SO

25.0 ± 0.25

90MZ + 10CP

13.9 ± 0.10

70MZ + 30CP

16.9 ± 0.10

50MZ + 50CP

23.7 ± 0.30

**Table 2.** : Amino acid composition (g/100 g) of cereal-legume flour blends*
AA	100% WT	90WT: 10SO	70WT: 30SO	50WT: 50SO	90ML: 10PN	70ML: 30PN	50ML: 50PN	90AC: 10SO	70AC: 30SO	50AC: 50SO	90MZ: 10CP	70MZ: 30CP	50MZ: 50CP
*Asx, aspartic acid + asparagine; Glx, glutamic acid + glutamine; Combined total of hydrophobic amino acids (HAA), Ala, Val, Ile, leu, Tyr, Phe, Trp, Pro, Gly, and Met; Positively charged amino acids (PCAA), Arg, His, Lys; Negatively charged amino acids (NCAA), Asx, Glx, Ser, Thr; Aromatic amino acids (AAA), Phe, Trp and Tyr; Branch chain amino acids (BCAA), Leu, Ile and Val; Essential amino acids (EAA), histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine; Sulfur containing amino acids (SCAA), Cys, Met; WT, Wheat flour; SO, Soybean meal; ML, Millet flour; PN, Peanut meal; AC, Acha flour; MZ, Maize flour; CP, Cowpea flour.
Asx	5.11	7.69	9.66	10.65	7.36	8.04	8.50	9.46	11.05	11.47	8.09	10.49	11.13
Thr	2.63	3.09	3.29	3.36	3.09	3.24	3.34	3.12	2.83	2.71	3.28	3.61	3.54
Ser	4.40	5.68	5.60	5.45	4.55	4.73	5.01	4.68	5.19	5.09	5.29	5.87	5.70
Glx	30.73	28.23	23.87	21.48	17.45	18.72	19.21	17.05	18.94	19.14	18.82	20.18	19.6
Pro	14.76	9.27	7.29	6.10	15.27	11.76	9.96	15.07	11.18	9.59	14.42	5.76	5.28
Gly	4.05	4.09	3.96	3.87	3.73	4.26	4.52	4.37	5.06	5.23	2.80	3.44	3.58
Ala	3.48	4.02	4.44	4.73	7.18	6.42	6.19	5.72	4.87	4.82	7.45	6.24	5.47
Cys	1.99	1.87	1.30	1.01	1.73	1.82	1.94	1.25	1.18	1.10	1.36	1.13	0.96
Val	3.97	3.88	4.35	4.69	4.45	4.73	4.36	4.78	4.27	4.45	4.41	4.36	4.58
Met	1.63	1.58	1.21	1.08	2.27	2.36	2.48	1.87	1.32	1.15	3.04	2.10	1.58
Ile	3.12	3.09	3.87	4.48	3.27	3.65	3.44	3.74	3.22	3.49	3.52	3.93	4.31
Leu	6.39	6.90	7.20	7.65	8.36	8.11	7.32	7.48	6.71	6.52	8.17	8.45	8.36
Tyr	1.99	2.37	2.90	3.10	3.27	2.57	3.12	2.91	3.09	3.40	2.72	3.18	3.62
Phe	4.83	4.38	4.83	5.23	4.73	4.26	4.20	4.26	4.67	4.91	4.81	5.33	5.43
His	2.55	2.87	3.04	2.92	2.73	2.77	2.85	2.81	2.76	2.75	2.48	3.01	3.00
Lys	2.55	4.17	5.27	5.60	2.91	2.97	2.80	3.43	3.48	3.44	3.36	5.27	5.78
Arg	4.61	5.53	6.91	7.36	6.36	8.45	10.06	7.07	9.14	9.77	4.57	6.67	7.32
Trp	1.21	1.29	1.01	1.23	1.27	1.15	0.70	0.94	1.05	0.96	1.44	0.97	0.77
AAA	8.03	8.04	8.74	9.56	9.27	7.98	8.02	8.11	8.81	9.27	8.97	9.48	9.82
EAA	28.88	31.25	34.07	36.24	33.08	33.24	31.49	32.43	30.31	30.38	34.51	37.03	37.35
BCAA	13.48	13.87	15.42	16.82	16.08	16.49	15.12	16.00	14.20	14.46	16.10	16.74	17.25
HAA	45.43	40.87	41.06	42.16	53.8	49.27	46.29	51.14	45.44	44.52	52.78	43.76	42.98
PCAA	9.710	12.57	15.22	15.88	12.0	14.19	15.71	13.31	15.38	15.96	10.41	14.95	16.10
NCAA	42.87	44.69	42.42	40.94	32.45	34.73	36.06	34.31	38.01	38.41	35.48	40.15	39.97
SCAA	3.62	3.45	2.51	2.09	4.00	4.18	4.42	3.12	2.50	2.25	4.40	3.23	2.54

Table 2. : Amino acid composition (g/100 g) of cereal-legume flour blends*

100% WT

90WT: 10SO

70WT: 30SO

50WT: 50SO

90ML: 10PN

70ML: 30PN

50ML: 50PN

90AC: 10SO

70AC: 30SO

50AC: 50SO

90MZ: 10CP

70MZ: 30CP

50MZ: 50CP

*Asx, aspartic acid + asparagine; Glx, glutamic acid + glutamine; Combined total of hydrophobic amino acids (HAA), Ala, Val, Ile, leu, Tyr, Phe, Trp, Pro, Gly, and Met; Positively charged amino acids (PCAA), Arg, His, Lys; Negatively charged amino acids (NCAA), Asx, Glx, Ser, Thr; Aromatic amino acids (AAA), Phe, Trp and Tyr; Branch chain amino acids (BCAA), Leu, Ile and Val; Essential amino acids (EAA), histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine; Sulfur containing amino acids (SCAA), Cys, Met; WT, Wheat flour; SO, Soybean meal; ML, Millet flour; PN, Peanut meal; AC, Acha flour; MZ, Maize flour; CP, Cowpea flour.

Asx

5.11

7.69

9.66

10.65

7.36

8.04

8.50

9.46

11.05

11.47

8.09

10.49

11.13

Thr

2.63

3.09

3.29

3.36

3.09

3.24

3.34

3.12

2.83

2.71

3.28

3.61

3.54

Ser

4.40

5.68

5.60

5.45

4.55

4.73

5.01

4.68

5.19

5.09

5.29

5.87

5.70

Glx

30.73

28.23

23.87

21.48

17.45

18.72

19.21

17.05

18.94

19.14

18.82

20.18

19.6

Pro

14.76

9.27

7.29

6.10

15.27

11.76

9.96

15.07

11.18

9.59

14.42

5.76

5.28

Gly

4.05

4.09

3.96

3.87

3.73

4.26

4.52

4.37

5.06

5.23

2.80

3.44

3.58

Ala

3.48

4.02

4.44

4.73

7.18

6.42

6.19

5.72

4.87

4.82

7.45

6.24

5.47

Cys

1.99

1.87

1.30

1.01

1.73

1.82

1.94

1.25

1.18

1.10

1.36

1.13

0.96

Val

3.97

3.88

4.35

4.69

4.45

4.73

4.36

4.78

4.27

4.45

4.41

4.36

4.58

Met

1.63

1.58

1.21

1.08

2.27

2.36

2.48

1.87

1.32

1.15

3.04

2.10

1.58

Ile

3.12

3.09

3.87

4.48

3.27

3.65

3.44

3.74

3.22

3.49

3.52

3.93

4.31

Leu

6.39

6.90

7.20

7.65

8.36

8.11

7.32

7.48

6.71

6.52

8.17

8.45

8.36

Tyr

1.99

2.37

2.90

3.10

3.27

2.57

3.12

2.91

3.09

3.40

2.72

3.18

3.62

Phe

4.83

4.38

4.83

5.23

4.73

4.26

4.20

4.26

4.67

4.91

4.81

5.33

5.43

His

2.55

2.87

3.04

2.92

2.73

2.77

2.85

2.81

2.76

2.75

2.48

3.01

3.00

Lys

2.55

4.17

5.27

5.60

2.91

2.97

2.80

3.43

3.48

3.44

3.36

5.27

5.78

Arg

4.61

5.53

6.91

7.36

6.36

8.45

10.06

7.07

9.14

9.77

4.57

6.67

7.32

Trp

1.21

1.29

1.01

1.23

1.27

1.15

0.70

0.94

1.05

0.96

1.44

0.97

0.77

AAA

8.03

8.04

8.74

9.56

9.27

7.98

8.02

8.11

8.81

9.27

8.97

9.48

9.82

EAA

28.88

31.25

34.07

36.24

33.08

33.24

31.49

32.43

30.31

30.38

34.51

37.03

37.35

BCAA

13.48

13.87

15.42

16.82

16.08

16.49

15.12

16.00

14.20

14.46

16.10

16.74

17.25

HAA

45.43

40.87

41.06

42.16

53.8

49.27

46.29

51.14

45.44

44.52

52.78

43.76

42.98

PCAA

9.710

12.57

15.22

15.88

12.0

14.19

15.71

13.31

15.38

15.96

10.41

14.95

16.10

NCAA

42.87

44.69

42.42

40.94

32.45

34.73

36.06

34.31

38.01

38.41

35.48

40.15

39.97

SCAA

3.62

3.45

2.51

2.09

4.00

4.18

4.42

3.12

2.50

2.25

4.40

3.23

2.54