J Food Bioact

Journal of Food Bioactives, ISSN 2637-8752 print, 2637-8779 online

Journal website www.isnff-jfb.com

Mini-Review

Volume 13, March 2021, pages 12-19

Utility of animal models of Alzheimer’s disease in food bioactive research

Table

**Table 1.** AD-related effects of natural antioxidants and omega-3 PUFAs in animal models and humans
Food bioactives	Main findings in animal models	Main findings in humans
Resveratrol	Significant decrease of memory loss and amyloid burden following long-term administration of resveratrol in APP/PSEN1 transgenic mice (Porquet et al., 2014). Reversal of Aβ-induced memory impairment by resveratrol following microinfusion of Aβ1–42 into the hippocampus in mice (Wang et al., 2016). Protection from Aβ-induced hippocampal neuron loss and memory impairment by resveratrol in rats (Huang et al., 2011).	Preservation of hippocampal volume and improved functional connectivity of the hippocampus following resveratrol supplementation in people with mild cognitive impairment (Köbe et al., 2017). No effects on hippocampal volume, entorhinal cortex thickness or Aβ42 and tau/phospho-tau 181 in plasma or cerebrospinal fluid and increased brain volume loss following chronic administration of resveratrol in people with mild to moderate AD (Turner et al., 2015).
EGCG	Significant decrease of Aβ deposition, oxidative stress and cognitive impairment in transgenic mice with an overexpression of Aβ and various other animal models (Youn et al., 2021).	Beneficial effects of combined green tea extract and L-theanine on cognition in mild cognitive impairment (Park et al., 2011). No effects of green tea powder on cognitive dysfunction in aged people (Ide et al., 2016).
Omega-3 PUFAs	Decreased Aβ and improved cognitive function following long-term administration of omega-3 PUFAs in various animal models (Hooijmans et al., 2012). Decreased Aβ42 blood levels (Green et al., 2007; Lim et al., 2005), neuro-inflammation (Cole et al., 2005; Gil, 2002; Lukiw et al., 2005) and cognitive decline (Gamoh et al., 2001; Hashimoto et al., 2002) following omega-3 PUFA intake.	No significant benefits of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in AD (Canhada et al., 2018). No effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation on cognition or everyday functioning in mild to moderate AD (Burckhardt et al., 2016).