Journal of Food Bioactives

Edible flowers: a sustainable source of natural food ingredient

Krishnabrunda Duggirala — 2024-09-30

Edible flowers have gained popularity due to evolving dietary preferences and their recognized safety for human consumption, offering notable nutritional benefits. Utilized in culinary practices since ancient times, edible flowers are now acknowledged for their heightened health-promoting properties, expanding their market presence. Rich in nutraceutical elements like anthocyanins and antioxidants, edible flowers can be infused in beverages, incorporated into sweets or meals, and consumed in various forms. Market trends underscore the need for a comprehensive analysis of edible flowers, including their categories, origin, bioactive compounds, nutritional value, and applications in the food industry. This review explores the diverse characteristics of edible flowers, examines their functional ingredients, addresses preservation methods for extended shelf-life, and emphasizes the importance of considering potential toxicological effects. While many edible flowers offer safe consumption and health benefits, careful consideration is essential, as not all flowers are suitable for eating. This review aims to provide insights for a safe and enjoyable culinary experience.

Lignans in Patrinia with various biological activities and extensive application value: A review

Xinjing Meng — 2024-09-30

Lignans in Patrinia have attracted the attention of researchers due to their diverse structure and remarkable activity. We searched the PubMed database for articles published from 2003 to 2023 using appropriate search terms: Patrinia, Lignans, Biological activity, and Chemical structures. In this paper, the active lignans and their action mechanisms were summarized over the past 20 years. The results showed that 56 lignans have been isolated and identified from Patrinia, including furofurans, dibenzyltyrolactones, tetrahydrofurans, arylnaphthalenes, benzofurans and biphenyl derivatives. 45 lignans had anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, cytotoxicity, enzyme inhibitor, anti-Alzheimer's disease, neuroprotection, anti-bacterial, hepatoprotection and anti-diabetic activities. The anti-inflammatory mechanism involves AMPK, MAPK, NF-κB and JAK-STAT signaling pathways, and the antitumor mechanism involves Raf/MEK/ERK, Akt/JNK and AKT signaling pathways. Lignans in Patrinia are promising to be utilized in food and medicine.

Recent advances in the anticancer molecular mechanisms of bioactive components from tea: A review

Jie Pan — 2024-09-30

Tea is one of the most popular health drinks around the world, especially in China, Japan, and Southeast Asia. Drinking tea has become a traditional culture and healthy lifestyle for preventing diseases in these countries and regions. Recent scientific researches indicate that tea has good efficacy in anti-cancer. The bioactive components and related anti-cancer mechanisms of tea are constantly being supplemented. Drinking tea can reduce the incidence of cancers. However, there is a lack of a systematic summary of the current tea anticancer research process to date. Here, we conduct an update on the bioactive components and r anti-cancer mechanisms of tea.

Integrated review of cardiometabolic biomarkers and dietary nutrients

Ravindra Verma — 2024-09-30

There are many dietary options available to us in nature that can benefit our health and cure metabolic conditions. The aim of this study is to identify cardiometabolic biomarkers that can be modulated by dietary supplements. This study used data from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Mendeley, and Embase from 2000 to Dec. 2023. Studies have found that certain fruits, foods, and species can treat cardiometabolic disorders. low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, total cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are some of the cardiometabolic biomarkers that can be affected by specific foods and additives. A wide array of clinical trials and scientific findings demonstrate that certain foods and additives can affect cardiometabolic biomarkers such as LDL cholesterol, total cholesterol, ROS, and reactive nitrogen species (RNS). Diet and lifestyle play an important role in lipid metabolism. Food ingredients interact with metabolism in a number of complex ways that will require further scientific research.

Encapsulating Salmo salar byproduct-derived protein hydrolysate in chitosan/alginate nanoparticles

Janani Jayasinghe Mudiyanselage — 2024-09-30

Byproducts-derived protein hydrolysates are known to have different bioactivities such as antioxidative, antihypertensive, antidiabetic, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative activities that help improve human health. Low bioavailability, stability, heterogenous nature, interaction with food matrix, and hydrophobicity limit their applications. Hence, nanocarriers could be an effective method of delivering these hydrolysates. This study aimed to develop and optimize chitosan/alginate nanoparticles (CS/AL NPs) to deliver Salmo salar by-product-derived protein hydrolysates (SPH). The optimized nanoparticle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency (EE) were 536.7 nm, -30.2 mV, and 29.8 %, respectively. XRD and FTIR results proved the incorporation of SPH into the CS/AL NPs. Moreover, the release of SPH in the salivary phase is higher due to the high amount of free SPH in the nanoparticle suspension. Encapsulated SPH was protected in the gastric phase and showed a controlled release in the intestinal phase. The ultimate goal of utilizing these nanoparticles is to fabricate functional food products, and thereby offer consumers greater health benefits through the bioactive properties of hydrolysates.

Impact of light roasted coffee enriched with chlorogenic acidon lipid and glycaemic indices in healthy obese adults.A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlledclinical trial

Hui-Fang Chiu — 2024-09-30

Coffee contains phytocomponents including caffeine, chlorogenic acid (CGA), and ferulic acid. This study was intended to explore the impact of light roasted coffee rich in CGA on anthropometric parameters, lipid, and glycaemic indices, along with various lipid metabolizing molecules in healthy obese subjects. Forty healthy obese subjects (n=40) were recruited and divided into 2 groups as experimental (CGA-340 mg/day and caffeine-220 mg/day; n=20) and placebo (CGA-12.4 mg/day and caffeine-220 mg/day; n=20). Daily consumption of the experimental sample resulted in a significant decrease (p<0.05) in body weight, body fat, BMI, waist circumference, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Various lipid metabolism-related signaling molecules like AMPK-α and PPAR-α were improved (p<0.05) after 12 weeks of supplementation with experimental samples as compared to the placebo group. The adiponectin levels were increased (p<0.05) in the experimental group, levels of leptin, LXR-α, and PPAR-γ were decreased (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed in any glycaemic indices or hepatic/renal markers in either the experimental or placebo group. The present outcome depicts that consumption of coffee (experimental/test sample) rich in CGA and caffeine (holistically) for 12 weeks could positively alter various lipid metabolizing signaling molecules and thereby lower the body fat accumulation and the incidence of obesity.

First in vitro insights into the digestive stability of polysorbate 80 micelles

Johanita Kruger — 2024-09-30

The improvement in bioavailability of various bioactives e.g. curcumin, digoxin and resveratrol, after polysorbate 80 (PS80) micellization, has been attributed, in part, to increased digestive stability of the bioactives. This research aimed to evaluate the role of the digestive stability of the PS80 micelles in increasing the in vitro bioaccessibility of bioactive compounds (curcumin, naringenin, Beta-carotene, CoQ10). This was done by comparing pre-micellization (solvent evaporation method) of bioactives in PS80 compared to co-digestion (simulated co-consumption) with PS80 (compared to that of olive oil). Additionally, the effects of relevant digestive compounds, lipase and bile extract, on the particle/micellar surface charge and curcumin bioaccessibility, were investigated. The solubility of the compounds in olive oil or PS80, played a substantial role in the modulation of their bioaccessibility. Co-digestion with PS80 resulted in similar or higher amounts of bioaccessible compounds, but pre-micellization was more efficient in increasing bioaccessibility, indicating some measure of digestive stability of the micelles. The modulating effect of lipase and bile extract on the bioaccessibility of curcumin however, suggests that not all micelles remain intact during the gastrointestinal digestion. While the extent of the digestive stability is still unclear, there is currently no available methods to quantify this.

Rutin modulates the TGR5/GLP1 pathway and downregulates proinflammatory cytokine genes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Olusola Olalekan Elekofehinti — 2024-09-30

Rutin, a bioactive component of citrus has been used to treat diabetes mellitus, but there is a paucity of information on the mechanism. In this study, rutin's impact on the expression of genes related to inflammation and insulin secretion were examined. Rats induced with streptozotocin (60mg/kg) were grouped into six: normal control, diabetes untreated, metformin and rutin-treated groups (25, 50, and 100mg/kg), for 28 days. The blood glucose were evaluated at 3-day intervals with glucometer. The mRNA expression of PDX-1, TGR-5, GLP-1, DPP4, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 was investigated utilizing RT‒PCR. Schrödinger suites was used to dock rutin with TGR-5, GLP-1 and DPP4. After treatment, the groups administered with rutin had decreased blood glucose levels than the diabetes untreated group. Compared with those in the untreated diabetes group, the expression of PDX-1, TGR-5 (25 and 100mg/kg), and GLP-1 (25 and 100mg/kg) was significantly upregulated, and the expressions of DPP4, IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 were significantly downregulated in the 25mg/kg rutin-treated group. The docking results showed that rutin is a potent ligand of the selected proteins investigated. The antidiabetic effects of rutin could be linked to its potential to downregulate proinflammatory cytokines and modulate the TGR5/GLP-1 signally, leading to normoglycemia.